The National Zoological Gardens of South Africa, informally known as the Pretoria Zoo, is the country's largest zoo and the only one with national status, spanning 85 hectares in the heart of Pretoria, Gauteng. Founded in 1899, the zoo is managed under the South African National Biodiversity Institute (SANBI) and is consistently rated among the world's top zoological facilities. It houses an extraordinary collection including over 209 mammal species, 202 bird species, 190 fish species, 93 reptile species, and several amphibian and invertebrate species — totalling thousands of individual animals. Highlights include African savannah waterholes, enclosures for western lowland gorillas, lions, tigers, cheetahs, white and black rhinos, giraffes, hippos, okapis, two aquariums, and a separate reptile park. More than 600,000 visitors explore the zoo annually, and it actively participates in international conservation and breeding programs.